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Japheth 2013 INC, 3018 Brighton 8th Street Fl 2, New York, NY (2026)

08/18/2024

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$2 2003 STAMP CANCELED FLAG FROM MONENEGRO THE LUCKY MONEY VALUE $300
Montenegro is a country in Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula.
Its 25 municipalities have a total population of 633,158 people in an area of 13,812 km² (5,333 sq mi).
It is bordered by Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east,
Albania to the southeast, Croatia to the west, and has a coastline along the Adriatic Sea to the southwest.
The capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is the Old Royal Capital and cultural center.
Before the arrival of the Slav peoples in the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries CE,
the area now known as Montenegro was inhabited principally by people known as Illyrians.
During the Early Medieval period, three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro:
Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia proper, the north.
The Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries.
From the late 14th century to the late 18th century, large parts of southern Montenegro were ruled by the Venetian Republic and incorporated into Venetian Albania.
The name Montenegro was first used to refer to the country in the late 15th century.
After falling under Ottoman Empire rule, Montenegro gained semi-autonomy in 1696 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, first as a theocracy and later as a secular principality.
Montenegro's independence was recognized by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878.
In 1910, the country became a kingdom. After World War I, the kingdom became part of Yugoslavia.
Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the republics of Serbia and Montenegro together proclaimed a federation.
In June 2006 Montenegro declared its independence from Serbia and Montenegro following an independence referendum, creating Montenegro and Serbia as they exist today.
Montenegro is therefore one of the newest internationally recognized countries in the world.
Montenegro has an upper-middle-income economy and ranks 49th in the Human Development Index.
It is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe,
the Council of Europe, and the Central European Free Trade Agreement.
Montenegro is also a founding member
of the Union for the Mediterranean and has been in the process of joining the European Union since 2012.
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DEAR CLIENTS,
DUE TO QUARANTINE ALL AROUND THE WORLD, PLEASE,
BE READY FOR POSSIBLE SHIPPING DELAYS UP TO 4 WEEKS AFTER THE ESTIMATED DELIVERY DATE.
WE DO OUR BEST TO SEND ITEMS ASAP.
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PACKAGES WILL BE 100% DELIVERED TO

08/18/2024

We accept cryptocurrency!!!
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$2 2003 STAMP CANCELED FLAG FROM ARMENIA THE LUCKY MONEY VALUE $275
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia.
It is a part of the Caucasus region and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
Yerevan is the capital, largest city and financial center.
Armenia is a unitary, multi-party, democratic nation-state with an ancient cultural heritage.
The Armenian Highlands has been home to the Hayasa-Azzi, Shupria and Nairi.
By at least 600 BC, an archaic form of Proto-Armenian, an Indo-European language, had diffused into the Armenian Highlands.
The first Armenian state of Urartu was established in 860 BC, and by the 6th century BC it was replaced by the Satrapy of Armenia.
The Kingdom of Armenia reached its height under Tigranes the Great in the 1st century BC and in the year 301 became the first state in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion.
Armenia still recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church, the world's oldest national church, as the country's primary religious establishment.
The ancient Armenian kingdom was split between the Byzantine and Sasanian Empires around the early 5th century. Under the Bagratuni dynasty, the Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia was restored in the 9th century before falling in 1045.
Cilician Armenia, an Armenian principality and later a kingdom, was located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between the 11th and 14th centuries.
Between the 16th and 19th centuries, the traditional Armenian homeland composed of Eastern Armenia and Western Armenia came under the rule of the Ottoman and Persian empires, repeatedly ruled by either of the two over the centuries.
By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. During World War I, up to 1.5 million Armenians living in their ancestral lands in the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated in the Armenian genocide.
In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia.
By 1920, the state was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Armenian SSR. The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Armenia is a developing country and ranks 85th on the Human Development Index (2021).
Its economy is primarily based on industrial output and mineral extraction.
While Armenia is geographically located in the South Caucasus, it is generally considered geopolitically European.
Since Armenia aligns itself in many respects geopolitically with Europe, the country is a member of numerous European organizations including the Organization for Security and Co-Operation in Europe, the Council of Europe, the Eastern Partnership, Euro control, the Assembly of European Regions, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Armenia is also a member of certain regional groups throughout Eurasia, including the Asian Development Bank, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Economic Union, and the Eurasian Development Bank.
Armenia supported the once de facto independent Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), which was proclaimed in 1991 on territory internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, until the republic's dissolution in September 2023.
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Please DON'T leave negative or neutral feedback if you haven't received the item in 30 days, because we have mentioned the shipping time repeatedly.
DEAR CLIENTS,
DUE TO QUARANTINE ALL AROUND THE WORLD, PLEASE, BE READY FOR POSSIBLE SHIPPING DELAYS UP TO 4 WEEKS AFTER THE ESTIMATED DELIVERY DATE.
WE DO OUR BEST TO SEND ITEMS ASAP.
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PACKAGES WILL BE 100% DELIVERED TO YouTube!

08/11/2024

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$2 2013 STAMPS CANCELED FLAG THE UN FROM THE ALGERIA LUCKY MONEY VALUE $300
S/N B 28828855 A
GEM UNC
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.
It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.
Algeria has a semi-arid climate, with the Sahara Desert dominating most
of the territory except for its fertile and mountainous north, where most of the population is concentrated.
Spanning 2,381,741 square kilometers (919,595 sq mi),
it is the world's tenth-largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa.
With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the tenth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast.
Inhabited since prehistory, Algeria has been at the crossroads of numerous cultures
and civilizations, including the Phoenicians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantine Greeks, and Turks.
Its modern identity is rooted in centuries of Arab Muslim migration waves since the seventh century and the subsequent Arabization of the Berber population.
Following a succession of Islamic Arab and Berber dynasties between the eighth and 15th centuries, the Regency of Algiers was established in 1516 as a largely independent tributary state of the Ottoman Empire,
ruling over much of the country's present-day northern territory.
After nearly three centuries as a major power in the Mediterranean, the country was invaded by France
in 1830 and formally annexed in 1848, though it was not fully conquered and pacified until 1903.
French rule brought mass European settlement that displaced the local population, which was reduced by up to one-third due to warfare, disease, and starvation.
The Sétif and Guelma massacre in 1945 catalyzed local resistance
that culminated in the outbreak of the Algerian War in 1954.
Algeria gained its independence on 5 July 1962 and declared
the People's Democratic Republic on 25 September of that year.
The country descended into a bloody civil war from 1991 to 2002.
Algeria's official languages are Arabic and Tamazight; French is used in media,
education, and certain administrative matters.
The vast majority of the population speaks the Algerian dialect of Arabic.
Most Algerians are Arabs, with Berbers forming a sizeable minority.
Sunni Islam is the official religion and is practiced by 99 percent of the population.
Algeria is a semi-presidential republic composed of 58 provinces (wilayas) and 1,541 communes.
It is a regional power in North Africa and a middle power in global affairs.
The country has the highest Human Development Index in continental Africa and one of the largest economies in Africa, due mostly to its large petroleum and natural gas reserves,
which are the sixteenth and ninth largest in the world, respectively.
Sonagraph, the national oil company,
is the largest company in Africa and a major supplier of natural gas to Europe.
The Algerian military is one of the largest in Africa, with the highest defense budget on the continent and among the highest in the world. Algeria is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the OIC, OPEC,
the United Nations, and the Arab Maghreb Union, of which it is a founding member.

08/11/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/387286742491
$2 2013 STAMPS CANCELED FLAG THE UN FROM TUNISIA LUCKY MONEY VALUE $300
S/N B 28828814 A
GEM UNC

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.
It is a part of the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest,
Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east.
Tunisia also shares maritime borders with
Italy through the islands of Sicily and Sardinia to the north and Malta to the east.
It features the archaeological sites of Carthage dating back to the 9th century BC,
as well as the Great Mosque of Kairouan.
Known for its ancient architecture, souks, and blue coasts,
it covers 163,610 km2 (63,170 sq mi), and has a population of 12.1 million.
It contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert;
much of its remaining territory is arable land. Its 1,300 km (810 mi)
of coastline includes the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin.
Tunisia is home to Africa's northernmost point, Cape Angeles.
Located on the northeastern coast,
Tunis is the capital and largest city of the country, which is itself named after Tunis.
The official language of Tunisia is Modern Standard Arabic.
The vast majority of Tunisia's population is Arab and Muslim. Vernacular Tunisian Arabic is the most spoken,
and French also serves as an administrative and educational language in some contexts, but it has no official status.
Beginning in early antiquity, Tunisia was inhabited by the indigenous Berbers.
The Phoenicians, a Semitic people, began to arrive in the 12th century BC, settling on the coast
and establishing several settlements, of which Carthage emerged as the most powerful by the 7th century BC.
The descendants of the Phoenician settlers came to be known as the Punic people.
Ancient Carthage was a major mercantile empire and a military rival to the Roman Republic
until 146 BC when it was defeated by the Romans who occupied Tunisia for most of the next 800 years.
The Romans introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the Amphitheatre of El Jem.
In the 7th century AD, Arab Muslims conquered all of Tunisia (finally succeeding in 697 after several attempts starting in 647) and settled with their tribes and families, bringing Islam and Arab culture to the local inhabitants.
A later large-scale Arab migration
of Banu Hilal and Banu Sulaym tribes in the 11th-12th centuries rapidly accelerated this process.
By around the 15th century, the region of modern-day
Tunisia had already been almost completely Arabized,
establishing Arabs as the demographic majority of the population.
Then, in 1546, the Ottoman Empire established control there,
holding sway for over 300 years, until 1881, when the French conquered Tunisia.
In 1956, Tunisia gained independence as the Tunisian Republic under the leadership
of Habib Bourguiba with the help of activists such as Chedly Kallala, Farhat Hached, and Salah Ben Youssef.
Today, Tunisia's culture and identity are rooted in this centuries-long intersection of different cultures and ethnicities.
In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution, which was triggered by dissatisfaction with the lack
of freedom and democracy under the 24-year rule of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali,
overthrew his regime and catalyzed the broader Arab Spring movement across the region.
Free multiparty parliamentary elections were held shortly thereafter;
the country again voted for parliament on 26 October 2014, and for president on 23 November 2014.
From 2014 to 2020,
it was considered the only democratic state in the Arab world, according to the Democracy Index (The Economist).
After a democratic backsliding, Tunisia is rated a hybrid regime.
It is one of the few countries in Africa ranking high on the Human Development Index,
with one of the highest per capita incomes on the continent, ranking 129th in GDP per capita income.
Tunisia is well integrated into the international community.
It is a member of the United Nations, Organization International de la Francophonie, the Arab League, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the African Union, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa,
the Non-Aligned Movement, the International Criminal Court, and the Group of 77, among others.
It maintains close economic and political relations with some European countries,
particularly with France, and Italy, due to their geographical proximity.
Tunisia also has an association agreement with the European Union
and has attained the status of a major non-NATO ally of the United States.

08/08/2024

We accept cryptocurrency!
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$2 1995 STAR STAMP INCLUDED IOWA WATERFOWL DUCK AND FLAG FROM $15,000
S/N F 03243154 *
CH UNC 64
Seller Notes
“CH UNC 64”
Circulated/Uncirculated
Uncirculated
Denomination
$2
Type
Banknotes
Certification Number
2513067-022
Grade
64
Grade Designation
EPQ/PPQ
Country/Region of Manufacture
United States
Certification
PMG - Paper Money Guaranty

08/08/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/386916546596
MAGNET STAR $2 1976 MILLARD FILMORE 13th PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES $9.95
THE $2 BILL STAMP CANCELED
GIFT SOUVENIR FRIDGE MAGNET
THE SOUVENIR - MAGNET $2 SYMBOLIZES FINANCIAL
ABUNDANCE AND ATTRACT CASH FLOW TO THE OWNER
Millard Fillmore (January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874) was the 13th president of the United States, serving from 1850 to 1853, and was the last president to have been a member of the Whig Party while in office. A former member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Fillmore was elected the 12th vice president in 1848, and succeeded to the presidency when Zachary Taylor died in July 1850.
Fillmore was instrumental in passing the Compromise of 1850, which led to a brief truce in the battle over the expansion of slavery.
Fillmore was born into poverty in the Finger Lakes area of upstate New York.
Though he had little formal schooling, he studied diligently to become a lawyer. He became prominent in the Buffalo area as an attorney and politician and was elected to the New York Assembly in 1828 and the House of Representatives in 1832.
Fillmore initially belonged to the Anti-Masonic Party but became a member of the Whig Party as it formed in the mid-1830s.
He was a rival for the state party leadership with the editor Thurlow W**d and his protégé William H. Seward.
Throughout his career, Fillmore declared slavery evil but said it was beyond the federal government's power to end it.
Seward was openly hostile to slavery and argued that the federal government had a role to play in ending it.
Fillmore was an unsuccessful candidate for Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives when the Whigs took control of the chamber in 1841 but was made chairman of the Ways and Means Committee. Defeated in bids for the Whig nomination for vice president in 1844 and for New York governor the same year, Fillmore was elected Comptroller of New York in 1847, the first to hold that post by direct election.
As vice president, Fillmore was largely ignored by Taylor; even in dispensing patronage in New York, Taylor consulted W**d and Seward. But in his capacity as president of the Senate, Fillmore presided over its angry debates, as the 31st Congress decided whether to allow slavery in the Mexican Cession.
Unlike Taylor, Fillmore supported Henry Clay's omnibus bill, the basis of the 1850 Compromise. Upon becoming president in July 1850, he dismissed Taylor's cabinet and pushed Congress to pass the compromise.
The Fugitive Slave Act, expediting the return of escaped slaves to those who claimed ownership, was a controversial part of the compromise. Fillmore felt duty-bound to enforce it, though it damaged his popularity and also the Whig Party, which was torn between its Northern and Southern factions. In foreign policy, he supported U.S. Navy expeditions to open trade in Japan,
opposed French designs on Hawaii, and was embarrassed by Narciso López's filibuster expeditions to Cuba.
Fillmore failed to win the Whig nomination for president in 1852.
As the Whig Party broke up after Fillmore's presidency,
he and many in its conservative wing joined the Know Nothings and formed the American Party.
Despite his party's emphasis on anti-immigration and anti-Catholic policies, during his candidacy in the 1856 presidential election, he said little about immigration, focusing on the preservation of the Union, and won only Maryland.
During the American Civil War, Fillmore denounced secession and agreed that the Union must be maintained by force, if necessary, but was critical of Abraham Lincoln's war policies.
After peace was restored, he supported President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies.
Fillmore remained involved in civic interests after his presidency, including as chancellor of the University of Buffalo, which he had helped found in 1846.
Historians usually rank Fillmore among the worst presidents in American history, largely for his policies regarding slavery, as well as among the least memorable.
His association with the Know Nothings and support of Johnson's reconstruction policies further tarnished his reputation.
Millard Fillmore was born on January 7, 1800,
in a log cabin, on a farm in what is now Moravia, in the Finger Lakes region of New York.
His parents were Phoebe Millard and Nathaniel Fillmore, and he was the second of eight children and the oldest son.
The Fillmore's were of English descent; John Fillmore arrived in Ipswich, Massachusetts, during the colonial era.
Nathaniel Fillmore was the son of Nathaniel Fillmore Sr., a native of Franklin, Connecticut, who became one of the earliest settlers of Bennington, Vermont, when it was founded in the territory that was then called the New Hampshire Grants.

08/08/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/387276545218
THAILAND 60 BAHT 1987 BANK OF THAILAND COMMERATIVE PICK 93a $680
S/N 8412632
SUPERB GEM UNC 67
Seller Notes
“SUPERB GEM UNC”
Circulated/Uncirculated
Uncirculated
Type
Banknotes
Year
1987
Certification Number
8089360-032
Country
Thailand
Grade
67
Grade Designation
EPQ/PPQ
Country/Region of Manufacture
Thailand
Certification
PMG - Paper Money Guaranty

08/08/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/386915603795
MAGNET STAR $2 1976 JOHN TYLER 10th PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES $9.95
THE $2 BILL STAMP CANCELED
GIFT SOUVENIR FRIDGE MAGNET
THE SOUVENIR - MAGNET $2 SYMBOLIZES FINANCIAL
ABUNDANCE AND ATTRACT CASH FLOW TO THE OWNER
John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841.
He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison,
succeeding to the presidency following Harrison's death 31 days after assuming office.
Tyler was a stalwart supporter and advocate of states' rights, including regarding slavery,
and he adopted nationalistic policies as president only when they did not infringe on the states' powers.
His unexpected rise to the presidency posed a threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay
and other Whig politicians and left Tyler estranged from both of the nation's major political parties at the time.
Tyler was born into a prominent slaveholding Virginia family.
He became a national figure at a time of political upheaval.
In the 1820s, the Democratic-Republican Party, at the time the nation's only political party, split into several factions.
Initially a Jacksonian Democrat, Tyler opposed President Andrew Jackson during the nullification crisis as he saw Jackson's actions as infringing on states' rights and criticized Jackson's expansion of executive power during Jackson's veto on banks.
This led Tyler to ally with the southern faction of the Whig Party.
He served as a Virginia state legislator and governor, U.S. representative, and U.S. senator.
Tyler was a regional Whig vice-presidential nominee in the 1836 presidential election; they lost.
He was the sole nominee on the 1840 Whig presidential ticket as William Henry Harrison's running mate.
Under the campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too", the Harrison–Tyler ticket defeated incumbent president Martin Van Buren.
President Harrison died just one month after taking office, and Tyler became the first vice president to succeed to the presidency.
Amid uncertainty as to whether a vice president succeeded a deceased president, or merely took on his duties,
Tyler immediately took the presidential oath of office, setting a lasting precedent.
He signed into law some of the Whig-controlled Congress's bills,
but he was a strict constructionist and vetoed the party's bills to create a national bank and raise tariff rates.
He believed that the president,
rather than Congress, should set policy, and he sought to bypass the Whig establishment led by Senator Henry Clay.
Almost all of Tyler's cabinet resigned shortly into his term and the Whigs expelled him from the party and dubbed him "His Accidence". Tyler was the first president to have his veto of legislation overridden by Congress.
He faced a stalemate on domestic policy, although he had several foreign-policy achievements,
including the Webster–Ashburton Treaty with Britain and the Treaty of Wanghia with China.
Tyler was a believer in manifest destiny and saw the annexation of Texas as economically and
internationally advantageous to the United States, signing a bill to offer Texas statehood just before leaving office.
When the American Civil War began in 1861, Tyler at first supported the Peace Conference.
When it failed, he sided with the Confederacy. He presided over the opening of the Virginia Secession Convention and served as a member of the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States.
Tyler subsequently won election to the Confederate House of Representatives but died before it assembled. Some scholars have praised Tyler's political influence, but historians have generally put Tyler near the bottom quartile when ranking U.S. presidents.
Tyler is praised for helping in the creation of the Webster-Ashburton treaty,
which peacefully settled the border between Maine and Canada.
He also helped in stopping African slave trafficking, which was made illegal under the Jefferson administration.
Today, Tyler is seldom remembered when in comparison
to other presidents and maintains only a limited presence in American cultural memory.

08/05/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/387267434060
$2 2003 STAMPS CANCELED FLAG THE UN FROM UGANDA LUCKY MONEY VALUE $300
S/N I 31885177 A
GEM UNC

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa.
It is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan,
to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania.
The southern part includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania.
Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, it lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied equatorial climate.
As of 2024, it had a population of around 49 million, of which 8.5 million live in the capital and largest city, Kampala.
Uganda is named after the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south, including Kampala, and whose language Luganda is widely spoken; the official language is English.
The region was populated by various ethnic groups, before Bantu and Nilotic groups arrived around 3,000 years ago.
These groups established influential kingdoms such as the Empire of Kitara.
The arrival of Arab traders in the 1830s and British explorers in
the late 19th century, marked the beginning of foreign influence.
The British established the Protectorate of Uganda in 1894,
incorporating various kingdoms and setting the stage for future political dynamics.
Uganda gained independence in 1962, with Milton Obote as the first prime minister.
The 1966 Mengo Crisis marked a significant conflict with the Buganda kingdom.
Idi Amin's military coup in 1971 led
to a brutal regime characterized by mass killings and economic decline, until his overthrow in 1979.
Yoweri Museveni's National Resistance Movement (NRM) took power in 1986, after a six-year guerrilla war.
This brought stability and growth, but authoritarian practices and human rights abuses.
The abolition of presidential term limits, allegations of electoral fraud and repression,
have raised concerns about Uganda's democratic future.
Museveni was elected president in the 2011, 2016 and 2021 general elections.
Human rights issues, corruption, and regional conflicts, such as involvement in the Congo Wars and the struggle against the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), continue to challenge Uganda.
Despite this, it has made progress in education and health, improving literacy and reducing HIV infection, though challenges in maternal health and gender inequality persist.
A country's future depends on addressing governance and human rights,
while leveraging its natural and human resources for sustainable development.
Geographically, Uganda is diverse, with volcanic hills,
mountains, and lakes, including Lake Victoria, the world's second-largest freshwater lake.
The country has significant natural resources,
including fertile agricultural land and untapped oil reserves, contributing to its economic development.
The service sector dominates the economy, surpassing agriculture.
Uganda's rich biodiversity, with national parks and wildlife reserves, attracts tourism, a vital sector for the economy.
Uganda is a member of the United Nations,
the African Union, G77, the East African Community and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

08/05/2024

https://www.ebay.com/itm/387267426902
$2 2003 STAMPS CANCELED FLAG THE UN FROM BOTSWANA LUCKY MONEY VALUE $300
S/N I 31885197 A
GEM UNC

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa.
Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert.
It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast,
Namibia to the west and north, Zambia to the north and Zimbabwe to the northeast.
Being a country of slightly over 2.4 million people,
and roughly the size of France, Botswana is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world.
It is essentially the nation state of the Tswana people, who make up 70% of the population.
The Tswana and Trio Javan ethnic groups were descended mainly from Bantu-speaking tribes who migrated southward of Africa to modern Botswana around AD 600, living in tribal enclaves as farmers and herders.
In 1885, the British colonized the area and declared a protectorate under the name of Bechuanaland.
As decolonization occurred,
Bechuanaland became an independent Commonwealth republic under its current name on 30 September 1966.
Since then, it has been a parliamentary republic, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections, though as of 2024 the Botswana Democratic Party has been the ruling party since independence.
As of 2024, Botswana is the third least corrupt country in the continent of Africa.
The economy is dominated by mining and tourism.
Botswana has a GDP (purchasing power parity) per capita of about $20,158 as of 2024.
Botswana is the world's biggest diamond producing country.
Its relatively high gross national income per capita (by some estimates the fourth largest in Africa)
gives the country a relatively high standard of living and the second highest
Human Development Index of continental Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa).
Botswana is a member of the Southern African Customs Union,
the Southern African Development Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.

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