02/09/2026
On February 11, 1978, members of AIM and other American Indians began what was known as 'The Longest Walk.' a five-month, cross-country march from Alcatraz Island in California to Washington D.C. They wanted to raise awareness about government legislation pending in Congress, that would threaten American Indian Tribal Sovereignty. The march was also a symbolic reversal of the Trail of Tears. But to really understand why the longest walk began, you have to go back to 1964. On March 8th a San Francisco organization known as the 'Indians of All Tribes', occupied Alcatraz Island for four hours. The U.S. had made tribes sign a treaty taking their land, and that treaty also said any land the U.S. had taken from the Indians, would be returned to them if the U.S. stopped using that land, which is exactly what happened to Alcatraz Island when they stopped using the Island for a prison. A second protest happened on November 20, 1969. This time though, it lasted for over 18 months and as many as 400 people were living on Alcatraz Island. That protest did not result in renewed tribal ownership of the land, but it did raise national and international attention and inspired continued activism. Then in October of 1972, AIM organized members to march to Washington, D.C., on the “Trail of Broken Treaties.” Upon arrival they occupied the Bureau of Indian Affairs for several days. AIM’s twenty-point list of demands sought multiple reforms to U.S.-Indian treaty policy, as well as restoration of land and rights, and the end of the corrupt Bureau of Indian Affairs. The occupation ended when the U.S. government agreed to negotiate, but they never really planned to change anything. Now we are back to the February 11, 1978's march that arrived in Washington D.C. They held rallies addressing their demands and concerns. Congress at first wouldn't meet with them, but in 1978 this was big news around the world, Indians had surrounded Washington D.C., so unlike Standing Rock, when the press tried to suppress the news five years ago. But because of pressure from American voters, Congress responded to that public pressure by vetoing an anti-treaty bill, and passing the American Indian Religious Freedom Act instead. President Carter sign that bill which finally made Native religion legal again in America, for the first time in almost 100 years.