05/09/2026
They called her William Cathay.
That was the name on the enlistment papers signed in St. Louis on a November day in 1866. A recruit standing 5'9", black complexion, age twenty-two, bound for the 38th U.S. Infantry. The Army took the signature and asked no further questions. They did not know they had just signed up the only woman ever documented to ride with the Buffalo Soldiers.
She had been born into slavery near Independence, Missouri, around 1844. The war pulled her into Union camps as a cook and a laundress. When peace came, she did what a freedwoman with no land and no people had to do. She put on the uniform of a man and drew her pay.
Two years, she marched. Across New Mexico, through fevers and forced miles, until a post surgeon discovered what the recruiters had missed. William Cathay was a woman. They discharged her in 1868 and turned her loose.
She cooked for an officer at Fort Union. Drifted to Pueblo and worked a laundry. Married a man who stole her money, her watch, and her team of horses....she had him thrown in jail, then rode out.
By 1872, she had landed in Trinidad, Colorado, where the folks knew her as Kate. Cook, seamstress, nurse, maybe a boarding house keeper. Tall and dark, they said, walking with a limp because by then her toes had been taken from her one by one.
In 1891, broken in body, she filed for a pension. A government doctor confirmed her ailments and denied her claim anyway. Some say it was her gender, some say her race. Not much is known about Cathay after that.
There is no confirmed photograph of her. No portrait drawn from life. Even the year she died is argued over. Which is why this graphite portrait by Robert Jackson matters. The Minnesota artist gives her a face. The steady eyes. The rifle. The bedroll of somebody who has been walking a long time.
So in the month we set aside for the military, raise her name and honor a legend, a true history maker, the only female Buffalo Soldier.