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I’m truly honored that Nakashima Shinji has started working on the Polish pilot and mechanic figures I sent him. Seeing ...
09/03/2026

I’m truly honored that Nakashima Shinji has started working on the Polish pilot and mechanic figures I sent him. Seeing them on the workbench next to his beautiful Fokker build is something really special.

And the idea of adding a cat to the scene - perfect touch! I’m really looking forward to seeing the finished vignette.

Finishing the cockpit details of the Fokker E.V/D.VIII.Today - the “Griff” (control grip) has been fully modeled. Three ...
27/02/2026

Finishing the cockpit details of the Fokker E.V/D.VIII.

Today - the “Griff” (control grip) has been fully modeled. Three renders below show the final shape and proportions before printing.

And Aces Scale (Łukasz) said - don’t design anything, don’t print anything…Unfortunately, I couldn’t resist… Both the co...
20/02/2026

And Aces Scale (Łukasz) said - don’t design anything, don’t print anything…

Unfortunately, I couldn’t resist… Both the control stick, its entire mechanism, and the machine gun cover simply have to be made from scratch.

The deeper I go into the documentation and reference photos of the original aircraft, the the clearer it becomes that some parts simply have to be constructed from scratch - there is no room for compromise.

So, back to 3D design and the printer.

After a long break, we’re finally back at the workbench to continue and complete our Fokker E.V/D.VIII - in the markings...
17/02/2026

After a long break, we’re finally back at the workbench to continue and complete our Fokker E.V/D.VIII - in the markings of aircraft 002 (193/18) from the 7th Fighter Squadron based at Lwów-Lewandówka airfield.

Today’s focus: test fitting the GasPatch Models - Spandau 08/15 machine gun.

This tiny piece is a masterpiece on its own - the fine detailing, perforated cooling jacket, and delicate sight and mechanism parts look absolutely stunning. Now it’s time to carefully align it with the fuselage, set it properly along the aircraft’s axis, and check how it integrates with the engine cowling.

This is one of those moments when the model truly starts to take on the character of a combat aircraft.

The workshop is alive again - more updates coming soon.

Another project featuring our 1920 period figures! Kowalski  used our Polish-Bolshevik War figure set and added it to hi...
15/02/2026

Another project featuring our 1920 period figures!

Kowalski used our Polish-Bolshevik War figure set and added it to his model of the Martinsyde F-4 "Buzzard", depicted as the liaison aircraft of the Commander of the Polish Military Aviation, Brig. Gen. pilot Włodzimierz Ostoja-Zagórski.

The model has just been painted, and the figures perfectly complement the whole composition, bringing life and historical character to the scene. Great work - keep it up!

#1920

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | TransmitterWith this panel, I’m publishing the final element of the RKL/D...
28/01/2026

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | Transmitter

With this panel, I’m publishing the final element of the RKL/D aircraft radio station installed on the Lublin R-XIII.

This time, the focus is on the transmitter, housed in a separate wooden box and forming the heart of the airborne communication system.

The transmitter was equipped with two Philips TA 1.5/15 vacuum tubes. One tube operated in the oscillator (generating) circuit, while the second was responsible for signal modulation, enabling transmission both in continuous waves and in microphone-modulated voice communication.

The RKL/D radio station was designed and manufactured in Poland by the State Communications Works (Państwowa Wytwórnia Łączności - PWŁ), later incorporated into the State Tele- and Radiotechnical Works (PZT). These state-owned facilities were responsible for developing and producing radio equipment for the Polish Army, including aviation and naval applications, representing a major step toward technological independence in the interwar period.

Powered by the wing-mounted generator and supported by the onboard accumulator, the transmitter supplied the radio signal to the trailing-wire antenna deployed during flight. Its operation was controlled indirectly via the observer’s control box, where the transmit-receive switching and wave selection were performed.

Together with the receiver, generator, antenna system, and control box, the transmitter completed a fully self-contained airborne radio installation - a remarkable example of interwar Polish radio engineering, enabling reliable air-to-ground communication in operational conditions.

This post concludes the series dedicated to the RKL/D radio station of the Lublin R-XIII.

In the upcoming panels, I will move on to another major topic: the aircraft engine and its subsystems, explored in the same step-by-step, component-focused form.

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | ReceiverToday I’m publishing another panel related to the Lublin R-XIII a...
15/01/2026

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | Receiver

Today I’m publishing another panel related to the Lublin R-XIII aircraft.

This time, the focus is on the receiver of the RKL/D airborne radio station - a key element enabling reliable reception of signals from ground stations during flight.

The receiver was housed in a separate wooden box and equipped with four Philips A.409 vacuum tubes. Each tube played a specific role in the signal path:
- the first operated as a radio-frequency amplifier,
- the second, coupled via a high-frequency transformer, served as the detector,
- the third and fourth functioned as low-frequency audio amplifiers, allowing the received signal to be clearly heard through the headset.

The design of the receiver was highly selective, enabling effective operation on both continuous and modulated waves. Fine tuning was performed using dedicated controls on the front panel, allowing the observer to precisely match the receiving circuit to the desired wavelength.

Powered by the onboard generator or accumulator, and controlled via the observer’s control box, the receiver formed an essential part of the RKL/D system - ensuring continuous situational awareness and communication between the aircraft and ground units.

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!
24/12/2025

Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!

Huge thanks to Aces Scale - Łukasz Boch for the wonderful book“Poles vs Soviets - The 1920 War in the Air.”Congratulatio...
20/12/2025

Huge thanks to Aces Scale - Łukasz Boch for the wonderful book
“Poles vs Soviets - The 1920 War in the Air.”

Congratulations on this outstanding and valuable publication - deeply researched, beautifully prepared, and truly important for the history of early military aviation and Polish wings.

This book is the perfect Christmas gift for every aviation history enthusiast. I highly recommend it - a must-read.

Thank you, Łukasz!

Aces Scale

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | GeneratorIt’s time to publish another element of the RKL/D radio station ...
17/12/2025

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | Generator

It’s time to publish another element of the RKL/D radio station installed on the Lublin R-XIII aircraft. This panel is dedicated to the generator mounted centrally on the wing, a crucial component of the airborne communication system.

The generator provided electrical power for the radio station during flight. It supplied:
- the anode circuits of both the transmitter and receiver,
- the filament circuits of the transmitting tubes,
- and enabled charging of the onboard accumulator.

The RKL/D system used a two-commutator generator, driven not by the aircraft engine, but by a dedicated miniature wind-driven propeller. This ingenious solution allowed the radio station to operate independently of the aircraft’s main power systems.

A particularly interesting feature was the self-regulating propeller, designed by engineer Drzewiecki. Thanks to an automatic pitch-control mechanism, the propeller maintained a constant generator speed over a wide range of aircraft velocities (approximately 90-180 km/h). This ensured stable electrical output regardless of changes in flight speed.

Mounted on the wing and exposed directly to the airflow, the generator transformed the aircraft’s motion into reliable electrical energy - making sustained radio communication with ground stations possible throughout the mission.

In the next panels, I will continue presenting further components of the RKL/D radio station and their integration into the Lublin R-XIII aircraft - step by step, component by component.



Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | Observer’s Control BoxI am starting a new weekly series of infographic pa...
14/12/2025

Lublin R-XIII - RKL/D Aircraft Radio Station | Observer’s Control Box

I am starting a new weekly series of infographic panels dedicated to the equipment of the Lublin R-XIII aircraft. The first panel focuses on the observer’s control box of the RKL/D airborne radio station - a key component of the aircraft’s communication system.

Please, let me know if you like this idea and this form of presenting the aircraft’s details!

The RKL/D radio station (Radiostacja Korespondencyjna Lotnictwa / Dywizji - Air Force / Division Communication Radio) enabled two-way communication between the aircraft and ground stations, operating on continuous and modulated waves. In the early 1930s, it was an essential tool for cooperation between aviation and ground forces.

The observer’s control box, installed in the aircraft cockpit, served as the central control unit of the entire radio system. From this panel, the observer could:
- switch the radio station on and off,
- change between transmit and receive modes,
- select the type of wave (continuous, tone-modulated, or microphone-modulated),
- tune the antenna circuit using the variometer,
- monitor operating parameters via the ammeter and voltmeter.

The control box connected the transmitter, receiver, antenna, generator, and accumulator, effectively acting as the “command center” of airborne communications. Operating the system required technical knowledge, precision, and experience - from deploying the trailing antenna, through tuning, to managing the electrical load during flight.

In the following panels, I will take a closer look at the remaining components of the RKL/D radio station and their integration into the Lublin R-XIII aircraft - step by step, component by component.



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