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06/06/2024

پیسہ کتنا امپورٹڈ ہے ؟

06/06/2024

چپلی کباب بنانے کا طریقہ ۔

ہم اپنی بات، خواہ غلط ہی کیوں نہ ہو ، نہیں چھوڑ سکتے ۔ ہم دوست کو چھوڑ دیتے ہیں ،بحث کو نہیں چھوڑ تے۔ہم مباحثے جیتنے کی ...
04/03/2021

ہم اپنی بات، خواہ غلط ہی کیوں نہ ہو ، نہیں چھوڑ سکتے ۔ ہم دوست کو چھوڑ دیتے ہیں ،بحث کو نہیں چھوڑ تے۔ہم مباحثے جیتنے کی تمنا میں آپنے ساتھی ہار بیٹھتے ہیں۔ قافلہ ختم ہو جائے ہماری سرداری ختم نہیں ہوتی۔ہم کچھ بھی تو تسلیم نہیں کرتے۔ ہم دوسروں کی حقیقت تو کسی قیمت پر تسلیم کرنے کو قطعاً تیار نہیں ہوتے۔

واصف علی واصف کی کتاب" حرف حرف حقیقت " سے اقتباس۔

""Psychology""Learning "Any relatively permanent change in behavior which occur through practice and experience is c...
13/12/2020

""Psychology""

Learning

"Any relatively permanent change in behavior which occur through practice and experience is called learning".

Three basic elements
1 change in behavior
2 practice and experience
3 permanent change in behavior.

Woodworth's definition

" A process of acquiring new knowledge and new responses is process of learning "

Learning start from simple to complex .

Three theorise of learning

1 classical conditioning
2 operant conditioning.( Instrumental )
3 social learning theory ( observational )

1) classical conditioning .

Proposed by elven pavlov Russian physiologist .

Experiment on dog's digestive system .

He trained the dog with bell sound when he is going to serve the food to eat .

Three steps .

1 Before conditioning / experiment
There is a natural stimulus ( food) and natural response ( to salivate ) on the other hand naturally occuring stimulus ( bell sound ) and naturally occuring response ( no salivating ) .

2 During conditioning / experiment
In this he started to train a dog with the combination of both natural stimulus and naturally occuring stimulus to shape dog's behavior . Training .

3 After conditioning / experiment
Dog started to salivate with naturally occuring stimulus ( sound of bell ) as well.

Key principles .
1 acquisition
2 extinction
3 spontaneous recovery
4 stimulus generalization .
5 stimulus discrimination

Classical conditioning is based on behaviorism

1 a learning occur through interaction with environment .
2 environment shape behavior .

2) operant conditioning .

Proposed by B F skinner .

Also called instrumental theory .

The theory tell that " a particular behavior can be learned through reward and punishment "

Experiment on rat .

To main idea

A behavior is likely to be repeated more which have good consequences and a behavior is likely to be repeated less which has not good consequences .

1 neutral

A behavior have equal probability ( chance ) to be repeated or not repeated which have nether positive ( good ) consequences nor bad consequences .

2 Reinforcer

A behavior should be increased . Ether positive or negative behavior . ( Motivation / reward )

3 punishment

It decrease behavior ether positive or negative .

3 social learning theory.

Also called observational theory.

Theory explain that " we ( human) can learn by observing behaviors that are occuring in environment "

Proposed by Albert bandura's .1977

To combine the classical conditioning and operate conditioning theory he get to models .

1 behavioral model ( external )

Stimulus _________?_______response .
Input _____?____response .

2 cognitive model . ( Internal )

Stimulus _____ mediation process ______ response .
Input ______ mental process _____ output .

Main idea

Bobo doll experiment 1961
Children learn samenone's behavior which is called models Usually father or mother .

Pay attention ____ encode behavior_____ react / reproduce .

Mediation process .

The process of information processing / thinking .

To think about behavior and the consequences of behavior .

Four steps

1 attention
2 retention
3 reproduction
4 Motivation.

" last line" Our task today is to find singular ways to create the new things that will make the future not justdifferen...
18/08/2020

" last line"

Our task today is to find singular ways to create the new things that will make the future not just
different, but better—to go from 0 to 1. The essential first step is to think for yourself. Only by seeing our world anew, as fresh and strange as it was to the ancients who saw it first, can we both re-create
it and preserve it for the future.

نظام عدل ۔معاشرتی زندگی میں حسن توازن قائم رکھنے کیلئے عدل وانصاف بہت ضروری ہے۔کسی پر ہونے والا ظلم معاشرے کے حسن و تواز...
18/08/2020

نظام عدل ۔

معاشرتی زندگی میں حسن توازن قائم رکھنے کیلئے عدل وانصاف بہت ضروری ہے۔کسی پر ہونے والا ظلم معاشرے کے حسن و توازن کو بگاڑ دیتا ہے۔عدل و انصاف کے قیام سے جو حسن و توازن قائم ہوتا ہے اسے امن وسکون اور خوشحالی کہتے ہیں۔

(صاحبزادہ محمد امانت رسول کی کتاب" مذہب انسان کی ضرورت ہے" سے اقتباس)

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