09/10/2025
TRANSLATION OF THE PREVIOUS POST
PROCESSING OUR PARCHMENTS
The cutting is done with very sharp knives, unless a large number of parchments are being cut, in which case it is done with the aid of custom-made cutters and dies.
The term tanning refers to a treatment that can be performed in various ways to stabilize the leather in its organic, raw state and prevent it from deteriorating or fermenting.
Over the years, countless types of tanning have been developed, ranging from vegetable tanning with tannins derived from wood or tree bark, to flour and egg tanning, to chromium salt tanning (in this case, the leather is no longer organic and becomes special waste at the end of its life), and to the more modern methods obtained with synthetic tannins and petroleum derivatives, as well as those obtained with the aid of metal oxides, such as aluminium, zirconium, etc.
Having said this, I inform you that parchments are not tanned hides but degreased and dried, mechanically degreased and then chemically degreased with the aid of soaps; in our case, we use organic soaps.
Because the parchments are completely dried and lightly salted, they do not allow bacterial growth and therefore rotting, which could occur simply by wetting them with ordinary water. Therefore, to be considered as such, the parchment must be untanned and therefore organic.
Throughout history, with differences between peoples and climates, hair was and is removed chemically by opening the hair follicle and then scraping it off.
In the past, the hair follicle was opened by soaking the hides in organic solutions with high bacterial counts, such as poultry or pigeon droppings. It's no coincidence that all ancient tanneries had facilities to house pigeons to collect their droppings. Naturally, as soon as the hair fell off, the hides were immediately rinsed in rivers to preserve the leather and remove the unpleasant odour.
The back of the hide was simply cleaned of fat and fleshing residue; today, this is done with the help of machinery (fleshing machines), and the hair is removed with hydrated lime in a process common to all tanneries called "Liming."
Thick or thin parchments are always predominantly made from a single hide, although very heavy ones, such as those made from bovine hide, can be split and both the more valuable surface layer and the underlying layer, known as the crust, used.
Jewish religious texts are indeed written on the reverse side, but on the hide that constitutes the "grain" of the skin.
Courtesy of G. De Maio, our parchment craftsman