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16/08/2016

Independence Day before
Independence

At the 1929 Lahore session of the Indian
National Congress, the Purna Swaraj
declaration, or "Declaration of the
Independence of India" was promulgated,
and 26 January was declared as
Independence Day. The Congress called on
people to pledge themselves to civil
disobedience and "to carry out the Congress
instructions issued from time to time" until
India attained complete independence.
Celebration of such an Independence Day was
envisioned to stoke nationalistic fervour
among Indian citizens, and to force the British
government to consider granting
indepedence,
The Congress observed 26 January as the
Independence Day between 1930 and 1946.
The celebration was marked by meetings
where the attendants took the "pledge of
independence". Jawaharlal Nehru
described in his autobiography that such
meetings were peaceful, solemn, and "without
any speeches or exhortation". Gandhi
envisaged that besides the meetings, the day
would be spent "... in doing some constructive
work, whether it is spinning, or service of
'untouchables,' or reunion of Hindus and
Mussalmans, or prohibition work, or even all
these together". Following actual
independence in 1947, the Constitution of
India came into effect on and from 26
January 1950; since then 26 January is
celebrated as Republic Day .

15/08/2016

Why was August 15 chosen as
Independence Day?
Whatever be the case, 69 years on, India and
Pakistan celebrate their hard fought
independence with patriotic fervour.
WRITTEN BY SUSHANT SINGH | NEW DELHI |
Updated: August 15, 2016 7:47 Am
In 1929, when Jawaharlal Nehru as Congress
President gave the call for ‘Poorna Swaraj’ or
total independence from British colonial rule,
January 26 was chosen as the Independence
Day. In fact, Congress party continued to
celebrate it 1930 on wards, till India attained
independence and January 26, 1950 was chosen
as the Republic Day – the day India formally
became a sovereign country and was no longer
a British Dominion.
So how did August 15 become India’s
independence day? Well, Lord Mountbatten had
been given a mandate by the British parliament
to transfer the power by June 30, 1948. If he
had waited till June 1948, in C Rajagopalachari’s
memorable words, there would have been no
power left to transfer. Mountbatten thus
advanced the date to August 1947.
At that time, Mountbatten claimed that by
advancing the date, he was ensuring that there
will be no bloodshed or riot. He was, of course,
to be proven wrong, although he later tried to
justify is by saying that “wherever colonial rule
has ended, there has been bloodshed. That is
the price you pay.”
Based on Mountbatten’s inputs the Indian
Independence Bill was introduced in the British
House of Commons on July 4, 1947 and passed
within a fortnight. It provided for the end of the
British rule in India, on August 15, 1947, and the
establishment of the Dominions of India and
Pakistan, which were allowed to secede from
the British Commonwealth.
Mountbatten later claimed, as quoted in
Freedom at Midnight, that “The date I chose
came out of the blue. I chose it in reply to a
question. I was determined to show I was
master of the whole event. When they asked
had we set a date, I knew it had to be soon. I
hadn’t worked it out exactly then — I thought it
had to be about August or September and I then
went out to the 15th August. Why? Because it
was the second anniversary of Japan’s
surrender.”

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