11/02/2023
When your thyroid produces too many or too few hormones, it can cause imbalances that are associated with a host of symptoms.
Hypothyroidism is the term for an underactive thyroid, one that produces too few hormones, and hyperthyroidism describes an overactive thyroid, one that produces too many hormones.
Hyperthyroidism symptoms include:
Weight loss
Increased appetite
Fast heart rate
Anxiety/nervousness
Irritability
Shaking/trembling of the hands
Sweating
Feeling warm often/greater sensitivity to heat
Insomnia
Frequent bowel movements and/or diarrhea
Muscle weakness
Thin skin and brittle hair
Changes in the menstrual cycle (usually shorter, lighter periods)
Hypothyroidism symptoms include:
Weight gain and/or difficulty losing weight
Constipation
Fatigue
Forgetfulness
Depression
Dry skin and hair/hair loss
Slow heart rate
Feeling cold often/greater sensitivity to cold
Changes in the menstrual cycle (usually longer, heavier periods)
Diagnosing and treating thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are generally easy to diagnose using a simple blood test to measure the amount of thyroid hormones in the blood.
There are several different treatment options for patients suffering from either condition, including hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism or drugs to limit thyroid function for hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism also can be permanently corrected by surgically removing all, or part, of the gland.
While both conditions can usually be treated successfully, it’s rarely a one-size-fits-all equation.
“Hyperthyroidism tends to be easier to treat because you can simply remove the gland,” Nakhle said. “However, after doing so, the patient will need to use drugs to replace the thyroid hormones, which are the same drugs used for people with hypothyroidism. The hormone replacement drugs are successful about 90 percent of the time, but occasionally there are patients who don’t respond well to any of the options.”