MK E-Store, 15 Valiant House, London (2026)

03/07/2025

বাংলাদেশে শেখ হাসিনা বিচারের মুখোমুখি হবেন কিনা সে সম্পর্কে বর্তমান পরিস্থিতি - যাচাইকৃত প্রতিবেদনের ভিত্তিতে।

২০২৫ সালের জুলাই মাসে, বাংলাদেশের রাজনৈতিক দৃশ্যপটে একটি ঐতিহাসিক আইনি অগ্রগতি দেখা গেছে। প্রথমবারের মতো, প্রাক্তন প্রধানমন্ত্রী শেখ হাসিনাকে আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে দোষী সাব্যস্ত করা হয়েছে - দুর্নীতি বা নির্বাচনী বিতর্কের জন্য নয় - বরং আদালত অবমাননার জন্য।

বাংলাদেশের আন্তর্জাতিক অপরাধ ট্রাইব্যুনাল (আইসিটি) হাসিনাকে ছয় মাসের কারাদণ্ড দিয়েছে, তার অনুপস্থিতিতে রায় দিয়েছে, কারণ তিনি ভারতে নির্বাসনে রয়েছেন।

মামলাটি ফাঁস হওয়া একটি অডিও রেকর্ডিং থেকে উদ্ভূত হয়েছিল, যা সোশ্যাল মিডিয়ায় ব্যাপকভাবে প্রচারিত হয়েছিল এবং পরে আদালত-নিযুক্ত ফরেনসিক বিশেষজ্ঞদের দ্বারা যাচাই করা হয়েছিল। অডিওতে, একটি কণ্ঠস্বর - কথিত শেখ হাসিনাকে - বলতে শোনা যায়:

"আমার হত্যা করার লাইসেন্স ছিল। শান্তির স্বার্থে যদি ২২৭ জনকে অপসারণ করতে হয়, তাহলে তাই হোক।"

আদালত এই বিবৃতিকে আইনের শাসনের প্রতি সরাসরি চ্যালেঞ্জ হিসেবে ব্যাখ্যা করেছে, এটিকে "বিচারিক সততার প্রতি অবমাননা" এবং "বিচারবহির্ভূত আচরণের একটি শীতল স্বীকারোক্তি" বলে অভিহিত করেছে।

যদিও তার আইনি দল টেপটিকে "কারচুপি করা এবং প্রেক্ষাপটের বাইরে নিয়ে যাওয়া" বলে খারিজ করে দিয়েছে, তবুও ট্রাইব্যুনাল সাক্ষ্য গ্রহণযোগ্য এবং আদালত অবমাননার জন্য যথেষ্ট বলে রায় দিয়েছে।

এই রায় বাংলাদেশের অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন বিচার প্রক্রিয়ায় একটি মোড় ঘুরিয়ে দিয়েছে। হাসিনার বিরুদ্ধে আনা বেশ কয়েকটি মামলার মধ্যে এটিই প্রথম - যার মধ্যে রয়েছে ২০২৪ সালে ছাত্র বিক্ষোভের সহিংস দমনের সাথে জড়িত মানবতাবিরোধী অপরাধের জন্য তার অনুপস্থিতিতে চলমান বিচার।

এখন পর্যন্ত, শেখ হাসিনা বিদেশে রয়েছেন। বাংলাদেশ সরকার আনুষ্ঠানিকভাবে ভারত থেকে তার প্রত্যর্পণের অনুরোধ করেছে, কিন্তু নয়াদিল্লি এখনও কোনও সাড়া দেয়নি।

তার অনুপস্থিতিতে আইনি প্রক্রিয়া এগিয়ে যাওয়ার পরেও একটি প্রশ্ন রয়ে গেছে:

শেখ হাসিনা কি কখনও তার স্বদেশে বিচারের মুখোমুখি হতে ফিরে আসবেন - নাকি ইতিহাস এই অধ্যায়টিকে অভিযুক্ত ছাড়াই বিচার হিসাবে মনে রাখবে?

এম কে ইসলাম
লন্ডন

03/07/2025

The current situation regarding whether Sheikh Hasina will face justice in Bangladesh – Based on Verified Reports

In July 2025, Bangladesh’s political landscape witnessed a historic legal development. For the first time, former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina was formally convicted—not for corruption or electoral controversy—but for contempt of court.

The International Crimes Tribunal (ICT) of Bangladesh sentenced Hasina to six months in prison, issuing the verdict in absentia, as she remains in exile in India.

The case stemmed from a leaked audio recording, which circulated widely on social media and was later verified by court-appointed forensic experts. In the audio, a voice—allegedly that of Sheikh Hasina—is heard stating:

“I had a license to kill. If 227 had to be removed for the sake of peace, so be it.”

The court interpreted this statement as a direct challenge to the rule of law, calling it “an affront to judicial integrity” and “a chilling admission of extrajudicial conduct.”

Though her legal team dismissed the tape as “manipulated and taken out of context,” the tribunal ruled the evidence admissible and sufficient for a contempt conviction.

This ruling marks a turning point in Bangladesh’s transitional justice process. It is the first of several cases being brought against Hasina—including ongoing trials in absentia for crimes against humanity, tied to the violent suppression of student protests in 2024.

As of now, Sheikh Hasina remains abroad. The government of Bangladesh has formally requested her extradition from India, but New Delhi has yet to respond.

While legal proceedings move forward in her absence, a question remains:
Will Sheikh Hasina ever return to face justice in her homeland—or will history remember this chapter as a trial without the accused?

M K Islam
London

27/05/2025

Key Reform Commissions and Their Mandates

Initially, six primary commissions were formed in October 2024, each focusing on critical areas:

1. Constitutional Reform Commission

Chair: Professor Ali Riaz

Mandate: To draft a new, inclusive constitution that ensures democratic governance and human rights.

2. Electoral System Reform Commission

Chair: Badiul Alam Majumdar

Mandate: To reform the electoral process, including voter registration, campaign finance, and the independence of the Election Commission.

3. Police Reform Commission

Chair: Safar Raj Hossain

Mandate: To restructure the police force for greater accountability, professionalism, and public trust.

4. Judiciary Reform Commission
Chair: Justice Shah Abu Naeem Mominur Rahman

Mandate: To enhance judicial independence, efficiency, and access to justice.

5. Anti-Corruption Commission Reform

Chair: Dr. Iftekharuzzaman

Mandate: To strengthen anti-corruption measures and ensure transparency in governance.

6. Public Administration Reform Commission
Chair: Abdul Muyeed Chowdhury

Mandate: To modernize the civil service for improved efficiency and service delivery.

Each commission was expected to submit its report within 90 days. However, due to the complexity of the tasks, deadlines were extended, with final reports submitted between January and February 2025.

MK Islam

26/05/2025

In Bangladesh, executive orders are directives issued by the President or the Prime Minister (typically through the Cabinet Division) to implement government policies or laws, or to direct the operations of government departments. While not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution as “executive orders” (in the same formal sense as in the U.S.), these directives play a significant role in day-to-day governance.

Here’s a breakdown of executive orders in Bangladesh:

🔹 Legal Basis

• Bangladesh follows a parliamentary system, where the Prime Minister is the chief executive.

• The President, as head of state, acts mostly on the advice of the Prime Minister (as per Article 48(3) of the Constitution).

• Most executive actions are performed in the name of the President, but they are effectively decisions of the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

🔹 Forms of Executive Actions

Executive decisions may be issued as:
1. Office Orders
2. Circulars
3. Notifications
4. Rules or Regulations (under delegated legislation)
5. SROs (Statutory Regulatory Orders)

They can relate to:
• Administrative appointments
• Changes in policies
• Enforcement of laws
• Emergency measures
• Creation of committees or commissions
• Public holidays
• Defense or internal security

🔹 Examples of Executive Orders
• Declaration of National Holidays by executive order.
• Imposition of curfew during emergency or unrest.
• COVID-19 response measures, including lockdowns and movement control orders.
• Formation of commissions (e.g., Anti-Corruption Commission).
• Nationalization or privatization directives.

🔹 Judicial Oversight
• Executive orders are subject to judicial review.
• The Supreme Court of Bangladesh can strike down any executive action that violates the Constitution or fundamental rights.

🔹 Key Institutions Involved
• Cabinet Division
• Prime Minister’s Office
• Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs
• Relevant Ministries/Divisions depending on subject matter

09/09/2023

Here are some real-world application practice exercises involving percentages:

**Exercise 1: Calculate a Sale Discount**

You're shopping online, and you see a pair of shoes originally priced at $80 with a 20% discount. Calculate the sale price after the discount.

**Exercise 2: Determine a Restaurant Tip**

You dine at a restaurant, and your bill comes to $75. If you want to leave a 15% tip for the server, how much should the tip be?

**Exercise 3: Tax Calculation**

You purchase a laptop for $1,200, and the sales tax rate is 8%. Calculate the total cost of the laptop, including tax.

**Exercise 4: Calculate Percentage Change**

You invested $5,000 in a stock, and it has increased in value to $6,500. Calculate the percentage increase in the stock's value.

**Exercise 5: Determine Percentage of a Goal**

You've saved $2,000 towards a savings goal of $5,000. Calculate what percentage of your goal you've achieved so far.

**Answers:**

Exercise 1:
Original price: $80
Discount percentage: 20%
Discount amount = 20% of $80 = 0.20 x 80 = $16
Sale price = Original price - Discount amount = $80 - $16 = $64

Exercise 2:
Bill amount: $75
Tip percentage: 15%
Tip amount = 15% of $75 = 0.15 x 75 = $11.25

Exercise 3:
Laptop price: $1,200
Sales tax rate: 8%
Tax amount = 8% of $1,200 = 0.08 x 1200 = $96
Total cost = Laptop price + Tax amount = $1,200 + $96 = $1,296

Exercise 4:
Initial stock value: $5,000
Final stock value: $6,500
Percentage increase = [(Final value - Initial value) / Initial value] x 100%
Percentage increase = [($6,500 - $5,000) / $5,000] x 100% = (1500 / 5000) x 100% = 30%

Exercise 5:
Amount saved: $2,000
Savings goal: $5,000
Percentage achieved = (Amount saved / Savings goal) x 100% = ($2,000 / $5,000) x 100% = 40%

These exercises provide practical examples of how percentages are used in everyday situations, such as shopping, dining, and financial planning.

06/09/2023

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